• Reduces pain & inflammation naturally and permanently.
• Acts on the causative factors of the disease.
• Does not create acidity on prolonged usage, during the treatment of Rheumatism & Arthritis.

Even after so many advances in modern medicine diseases pertaining to joints such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteo-arthritis (OA), gouty arthritis, still remain potential problems. Especially the autoimmune disorders like RA have no curative treatment in modern medicine. Incidences of joint diseases like RA and OA still remain high in the community, disabling the patients. Now it is well understood that, autoimmune disorders like (RA), metabolic diseases (Gout) and degenerative diseases (OA) can be effectively controlled only by Ayurvedic medicines.

There are various drugs and formulations mentioned in this regard in our classics. Experimental studies on different arthritic models and clinical evaluations are successfully carried out. Considering all these research works and classical references, the drugs have been selected to prepare an excellent formulation, MUNIPYRIN, for various arthritic conditions which really gave wonderful results.

Possible mechanism of action of Muniprin in rheumatism and arthritis:

Usually the white blood cells help the body to fight against harmful bacteria and viruses. On some occasions the immune system fights against the healthy body tissues. For Example, in Rheumatism & Arthritis where blood cells accumulate at the joints and fight against the healthy tissues there, with the result of which there will be inflammation and pain. MUNIPRIN corrects this kind of misbehavior of the body's immune system and reduces pain inflammation naturally and permanently without causing any side effects.

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COMPOSITION

Each 500 mg tablet contains the following Major Ingredients:

Sida cordifolia
Asparagus racemosus
Withania somnifera
Terminalia chebula
Terminilia bellerica
Emblica officinalis
Tinosporia cordifolia
Plumbago zeylancia
Picrorhiza kurroa
Commiphora mukul
Pluchea lanceolata
Piper longum
Piper nigrum
Zingiber officinalis
Tachyspermu- roxburghianum
Yava Kshara
Sarja Kshara
Curcuma longa
Rasnadi Kwatha (for processing)

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BALA

Botanical Name: Sida cordifolia

Family: Malvaceae

Habitat: This is found throughout the plains of India and Sri Lanka. It grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions of both the hemispheres.

Botanical Description:
Stem: The stem is 0.4 - 1.5 cm in diameter and upto 10-35 cm long or even more. The nodes are very prominent; the stem is light green in colour and has towards the base a thin grayish cork.
Root: The plant has a tap root system, usually 10-20 cm long and 0.3-1.2 cm in diameter at its upper end. The roots are tough and woody and externally light yellow to grayish buff in colour.

Pharmacological Study:
It was found to be significantly effective as anti-inflammatory agent when tested in formaldehyde induced arthritis in rats (P<0.001) - (Chaturvedi and Singh)

Sida cordifolia also possesses marked immunno-modulatory effect and also anabolic effect.

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ASHWAGANDHA

Botanical Name: Withania somnifera

Family: Solanaceae

Botanical Description

A branched erect shrub 0.3-1.5 cm high. Leaves 5-10 by 2.5-5 cm, ovate, subacute and entire.
Flowers: Greenish or lurid yellow, usually about five together in a sessile or nearly sessile umbellate cymes
Berry: Red, smooth, 6mm diam enclosed in the inflated calyx

Chemistry: Root contains several alkaloids including withasomine, visamine, withanone and withaferin A.

Pharmacological Studies:

Immuno-suppression by Withaferin has been demonstrated in texts like adjuvant arthritis in rate [Indian drugs 28(2)]. It has an excellent adaptogenic and also anti-stress activities. A number of withanoids have so far been isolated from the plant reported to posses both, immuno-suppression and immunno-stimulatory properties in different sets of studies. It has depressant action on C.N.S. It also has tonic, astringent, aphrodisiac and nervine sedative properties.

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GUDUCI (Gudoochi)

Botanical Name: Tinospora cordifolia

Family: Menispermaceae

Habitat: Throughout tropical India from Kumaon to Assam in North extending through Bengal, Bihar, Deccan, Konkan, Karnatka and Kerala. It is a fairly common wild plant of the deciduous & dry forests of most districts growing over hedges and small trees.

Chemistry: Root & stem contain starchy extract, bitter principle and a trace of berberin (Materia Medica - Nadkarni, Dymock, Warden & Hooper, 1.56, Bull Inst bol.britenz, 1902, XIV, II.15 MR, 1932, 663) stem also contains giloinin & gilorin (JSIR, 1949, 115B, Chem. Abstr. 1950, 1570) a glycoside (MP 226-228C); gilenin, a non-glycoside bitter and gilosterol. Presence of the bitter principles columbin, chasmanthin and palmarin in it has been reported. Other bitter components like tinosporin, tinosporic acid and tinosporal have been reported in the stem. The leaves are rich in protein and fairly rich in calcium and phosphorous (Pharmacognocy of Ayurvedic Drugs, CCRAS)

% extractive values & active constituents present in Stem

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies

Hepatoprotective Action: It was proved to be effective in prevention of fibrosis and in stimulating regeneration of hepatic tissue (Parenchymal tissue) (Nirmala Rage it al, Indian drugs vol.21, 544 Sept. 1989). Hepato-protective [Sharma it al. Indian drugs Vol.30(11). 1993). Modulation of Kupfer cell activity in liver damage was observed using carbon clearance as a tight parameter [Nirmala Rage. Et al JPGM, 1994; 401(2)]
Anti-hepato toxicity was studied on rats intoxicated with CCL4 (Carbon tetrachloride)

Immuno-modulatory Effect: Reported to have a potent immuno-stimulant effect in vivo. It increased WBC counts and the number and function of neutrophils and monocyte-macrophages in normal as well as lymphopenic mice. Modulation of alveolar macrophages function by anti-tuberculous agents and cordifolia was observed. The extract improved the cellular immune functions. Susceptibility towards E. coli infection and mortality following it, was significantly reduced (IJMR V90. 1989). The rise in the plasma cortisol following stress was also exhibited by it. The results suggested that it is a powerful immuno-stimulant.

Hypoglycaemic / Anti- Hypoglycaemic effect: The extract when investigated for hypoglyacemic and anti-hypoglycaemic effects in normal and diabetic rats, showed a moderate hypoglacemic effect. A significant fall in glycaemic levels in rats with glucose induced hypoglacemia was observed.

Effect on Bone Marrow proliferation: Few cytometric evaluations of bone marrow proliferation indicated that the drug produced dose dependant increase in proliferation of bone marrow (Update Ayurveda, 1994)

Anti-stress Activity: The ethanol extract of the root was shown protective against stress induced ulceration. The activity was found to be comparable to that of diazepam in experimental albino rats. Normalizing activity on brain neurotransmitters like NE, DA, 5-HT, 5HIA in stressed rats observed. (Fitoterapia V66(5), 1995)

Anxiolytic action: It exerts analgesic, immunosuppressive anxiolytic and sedative action (compendium of Indian medical plants VII, CSIR), Litholytic action (Jaoust of NIMA, V341 (5), 1989, Reduction in blood value (single et al. 1975, JRIM)). Effective Anti-rheumatic and Diuretic (Sisodis & Lakshmi Narayana, 1961) were also observed.

Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-pyretic effects: The anti-inflammatory activity of this plant resembles that of NSAIDS. It has also a weak anti-pyretic effect (Pendse V. K. et al. Indian Drugs, V-19, 1981). The drug is reported to possess 1/5 of the analgesic effect of Sodium salicylate.

Effect on smooth muscles: It is a smooth muscle relaxant of intestine, uterus and inhibits constant response of histamine and acetylcholine (Gupta et al 1967). Aqueous extract of the stem antagonises the effects of various agonists such as histamine, 5-HT, bradykinine prostaglandins E1 and F2x on the smooth muscles of guinea pigs and rats (Patel et al, 1978), Antiallergic effects (IJP, V18(4), 1986), Antimicrobial Activity (Biomed V9(1), 1989) are also observed.

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AMALAKI

Botanical Name: Emblica officinalis Linn.
(Synn: Phyllanthus emblica linn)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Habitat: Found in Deccan, the sea-coast districts and Kashmir, common in mixed deciduous forests of India ascending to 4,500 ft. on the hills.

Botanical Description: A deciduous, small or middle sized tree with crooked trunk and spreading branches.

Leaves sub-sessile, 10-13 by 2.5-3 mm; closely set along the branchlets, distichous, light green, glabrous, obtuse. Flowers greenish yellow, in axillary fascicles.
Male: Numerous, on short slender pedicles. Sepals 6, oblong, obtuse, Anthers:3.
Female: 1.3-1.6 cam in diameter, fleshy globose.
Seeds: 6

Chemistry: Crystalline Vitamin C isolated from the fruit pericap in a yield of 70-72% of the total (JSIR, 1962). Isolation of music acid (Urr. Sci, 1962). Seeds contain fixed oil, phosphatides and essential oil (JSIR, 1952, 88B; Annice Progr. Dep; (DR) Lucknow, 1951-52). Fruits, bark and leaves rich in tannins and gallic acid. Fruit pulp contains phyllembic acid (6.3%), lipids (6%) gallic acid (5%) and emblicol (JSIR, 1959, 18C, 180).

Pharmacological and Clinical Studies

Immuno-modulatory Actions: Oral administration of extract of P. embilica has been found to enhance natural killer cell activity and antibody dependable cellular clytoxicity (ADCC), syngeneric BALB/C mice, bearing Dalton's lymphoma ascities (DLA) tumor (Suresh K. et al., Journal of Etnopharmocology V.44(1), 1994)

Rasayana Effect: Amalaki rasayana raised the total protein level and increased the body weight in rabbits which was due to positive nitrogen balance. The drug was found to have anabolic effect (Tewari et al., 1968)
Protective action against metal induced cyto-toxicity was observed (Ghosh et al.)

Anti-microbial activity: The ether extract of acidified alcohol extract showed the highest activity, exhibiting the growth M. Pyogenes var. aureus, S. typhosa and S. paratyphic at a concentration of 0.21 mg/ml and that of M. pyogenes var. albs, S. schottmmellri and S. dysenteriae at a concentration of 0.42 mg/ml.

Anti-oxidant effect: Aqueous extract was found to be a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxide formation and scavenger of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in-vitro.

Anti-cancerous activity: Fruits possess anti-cancerous properties.

Anti-diabetic: Triphala showed significant hypoglycaemic activity in fasting rabbits only in the dose of 90 mg/kg orally.

Anti-hyperecholesteraemic effect: Increases the lipid mobilization and catabolism and retarded the deposition of lipids on the extra-hepatic tissues.

Anti-ulcer activity: Mainly acts by H+K+ ATP use inhibitory activity.

Effect on cardiovascular system: It is a cardio-tonic, provides protection in myocardial necrosis (IJEB, 15:485, 1977).

Effect on Central Nervous System: Phyllembin showed mild depressant action on CNS. It protected effectively against tremors and clonic and tonic convulsions induced by nicotine. It also antagonized tremorine induced tremors and other cholinergic symptoms.

Anxiolytic property: Useful in anxiety neurosis, depressive psychosis, insomnia and hypertension.

Anti-inflammatory action: Effective in rat-paw inflammation and was an effective inhibitory of human PMN migration in-vitro.

Action on smooth muscles: It is reported that phyllembin antagonized the spasmogenic effect of acetylcholine, bradykinin and scrotonin on the guinea pig ileum. (Khurana, et al., 1970). It is very useful in the treatment of human scurvy.

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GUGGULU

Botanical Name: Commiphora mukul

Family: Burseraceae

Botanical Description: This is a woody shrub to small tree, branches spiny, ascending.

Leaves: 1-3 foliate; leaflets sessile to sub-sessile, terminal ones are largest, rhomboid to ovate in shape, irregularly toothed in margin.
Flowers: Small brownish, pinkish, fascicled, unisexual.
Drupe: Red, ovate, acuminate.

Chemistry: The oleo-gum resin contains 0.37% essential oil consisting chiefly of myrecene, dimyrecene and some polymyrecene. There are a number of useful steroids like Z-guggulusterone, E- guggulusterone, guggulusterol I, II and III. Guggulu is an oleo-resin obtained from the plant commiphora mukul and is very much used in Indian System of medicine as astringent, antiseptic, expectorant, aphrodisiac, demulcent, carminative and anti-spasmodic emmenagogue and used in rheumatism.

Pharmacological Studies: It has been proved to be a potent hypolipidaemic, hypocholesteralimic anti-antherosclertic agent both in clinical and experimental studies (Satyavati, 1966, Shastry and Tripathi, 1968, Nityananda and Kapoor 1971, Arora et al, 1973, Gupta et al., 1974). A steroidal component isolated from the petroleum extract of the plant possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity on rat paw oedema produced by carageenin. It had a significant effect on the primary as well as secondary inflammation induced by Freud's adjuvant.

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RASNA

Botanical Name: Pluchea lanceolata

Family: Compositae

Habitat: The plant is distributed in Punjab, Bengal, Gangetic plains of India extending to Sindh Afghanistan, North Africa.

Botanical Description: The root is 1-5 mm in diameter, somewhat twisted and gradually tapering. The external surface of the root is light brown. The young rhizomes are cylindrical, hairy, thin and dirty white in colour while mature specimens are light yellow brown in colour with root scars and annulations; odour - distinct and fracture is fibrous.

The stem is herbaceous, thin with slender branches, cylindrical, surface is smooth and hairy with distinct nodes and inter-nodes.

Leaves are simple, alternate, measuring 3-5 cm/0.6-2 cm. They are corriaceous sessile, obtuse, lanceolate to ovate. The margin in entire or toothed and the apex is acute.

Pharmacological Study: Whole plant of Pluchea lanceolata was found to be having significant anti-inflammatory (Prasad and co-workers) and also anti-arthritic (Chaturvedi and Singh, 1965) property.

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Pharmacological Action of some Individual Ingredients

Shatavaree: Possesses potent immuno-modulatory activity. This drug is found to be both anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic.

Chitraka: Plumagin possesses an excellent analgesic property. Plant also acts as an immuno-modulatory, carminatizve agent.

Katuki: Anti-inflammatory, digestive, carminative and cyto-protective.

Haridra: Possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. Has cyto-protective activity in liver, against CCL4 induced cell damage.

Abhraka Bhasma: Proved to be having immuno-modulatory and spermatogenesis enhancing properties.

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Safety Study

Munipyrin was administrated to 10 healthy volunteers at a dose of 2 tablets tid for two weeks. Prior to and after the trial, a master check-up, including a haemogram and biochemical parameters and psychological parameters were conducted. After the trial period no apparent changes in the above mentioned parameters were observed. Adverse reactions were also not reported.

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Clinical Results

Munipyrin in Rheumatoid Arthritis:

The study: Thirty cases with clinical Rheumatoid arthritis of chronicity 5-10 years were enrolled and a detailed history was taken and clinical examination were carried out according to the proforma prepared for the specific purpose. Haematological parameters were also considered. The drug was administered in a dose of 2 tablets tid for 21 days along with water, after food. Detailed assessment was done before, during and also after treatment.

Results: A significant reduction was observed in joint pain and swelling (P<0.001) and the working ability of the individual was also improved. Tenderness was reduced (P<0.001) and range of movement of joints was also tid (P<0.001). In haematological parameters reduction in ESR was prominent (P<0.001).
By this study, it has become clear that Munipyrin can be used effectively in the cases of Rheumatoid arthritis.

Munipyrin in Osteo Arthritis:

The study: Forty cases of both the sex, aged between 40 and 60 years were selected randomly and administered the drug with a dose of 2 tablets tid with water after food for 21 days.

Results: Result was analysed especially on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. A significant reduction in joint pain, swelling and a marked increase in walking ability of the individual were noted. There was no any apparent side effect. Patient also could feel on improvement in the general findings. These observations clearly suggest that Munipyrin is an excellent drug in degenerative joint diseases like O.A. also.

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Indications

• Exhibits immunomodulatory action

• Reduces pain and inflammation.

• Shows anti-arthritic action.

• Rheumatism and arthritis.
  

Side Effects: No major side effects have been observed even with prolonged treatment.

Dosage: 2 tablets thrice daily

Presentation: In waterproof plastic container

Contents: 100 tablets

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